Generic article

Summary achene characteristics

Lactuca species	Achene size (mm)	Achene colour	Number of ribs	Beak size	Pappus size (mm)
aculeata	7½	Brown		4½ mm	≥ 3½
altaica	6-10	Brownish; greyish	5-10	As long as body
azerbaijanica
dregeana		Yellowish brown	5-6 (x2)	3-4½ mm	4-5
scarioloides	9½	Pale brown		4-4.7 mm	5½-7
serriola	6-8	Pale brown; olive grey	5-9 (x2)	3-3½ mm	3-7
saligna	3-8	Dark grey; dark brown	7-8 (x2)		5
acanthifolia	8-9	Yellowish brown	5-7	½ to as long as body
alpestris	7-8			1½-2 mm	3
aurea	7-8	Brown	10	1-1½ mm
georgica	6-7	Dark violet; black	7 (x2)	2-2½ mm	3-3½
longidentata	7-10	Black	7-12	⅓ of body
orientalis	7-8	Brownish	5-7 (x2)	2-3 mm	7-8
quercina ssp. quercina	7-8	Black	5-8	<½ of body	5-6
quercina ssp. wilhelmsiana	6-7.2	Black	9-14	≥½ of body	5-6½
sibirica	4-5	Olive		¼ of body	5-9
tatarica	4½-6½	Yellowish; olive; blackish	5-7	1-1½ mm	8-9
viminea ssp. chondrilliflora	7-10			<½ of achene
viminea ssp. ramosissima
viminea ssp. viminea	9½-15	Blackish	14	4½-6 mm	4½-10½
virosa ssp. cornigera
virosa ssp. livida	≤7	Black	5-6	≤ size of body
virosa ssp. virosa	6-10	Blackish	5	As long as body
watsoniana	4-6	Brownish green (yellow spots)	5-8	⅓-½ of achene